This lighting may be recognized by the strong light falling on the forehead, the bridge of the nose, the upper cheeks, and by the distinct shadow below the nose that often looks rather like a butterfly and thus, provides the name for this lighting technique.īutterfly lighting was a favourite of famed Hollywood portraitist George Hurrell, which is why this style of lighting is often called Paramount lighting. The second light (more often a reflector rather than an actual light) is placed as a fill directly below the camera (or slightly to the opposite side). The key light is placed directly in front of the subject above the camera (or slightly to one side), and a bit higher than the key light in a three-point lighting setup. High-key lighting typically involves use of all three lights (or more) in the three-point lighting setup.ĭirector Josef von Sternberg used butterfly lighting to enhance Marlene Dietrich's features in this iconic shot, from Shanghai Express, Paramount 1932 Butterfly lighting īutterfly lighting uses only two lights.
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High-key lighting is a technique used to result in an image that is mostly free of shadows and has a background brighter than the subject. In some cases, photographers may use a hair light to create lens flare or other artistic effects. The back light, also known as a hair light, helps separate a subject from its background and emphasize hair. Sometimes, the purpose of a fill light may be served by a reflector rather than an actual light. Intensity of the fill light may be equal to the main light to eliminate shadows completely, or less intense to simply lessen shadows. The purpose of a fill light is to combat strong shadows created by the main light. For example, if the key light is placed 30 degrees camera-left, the fill light will be placed 30 degrees camera-right. The fill light, also known as the secondary main light, is typically placed opposite the key light. The distance of the key light from the camera controls the falloff of the light and profoundness of shadows. The purpose of the key light is to give shape to and emphasize particular features of the subject. The key light, also known as the main light, is placed either to the left, right, or above the subject's face, typically 30 to 60 degrees from the camera. This setup uses three lights, the key light, fill light, and back light, to fully bring out details and the three-dimensionality of the subject's features. It is traditionally used in a studio, but photographers may use it on-location in combination with ambient light. Three-point lighting is one of the most common lighting setups. There are many techniques available to light a subject's face. Subjects were generally seated against plain backgrounds, lit with the soft light of an overhead window, and whatever else could be reflected with mirrors.Īdvances in photographic technology since the daguerreotype spawned more advanced techniques, allowed photographers to capture images with shorter exposure times, and work outside a studio environment. Hidden mother photography, in which portrait photographs featured young children's mothers hidden in the frame to calm them and keep them still, arose from this difficulty. The style of these early works reflected the technical challenges associated with long exposure times and the painterly aesthetic of the time. The relatively low cost of the daguerreotype in the middle of the 19th century and the reduced sitting time for the subject, though still much longer than now, led to a general rise in the popularity of portrait photography over painted portraiture. In contrast, the photograph Eating Rice, China reflects differing cultural attitudes of the time, depicting a smiling Chinese man. In the 19th century and early 20th century, photographs didn't often depict smiling people in accordance to cultural conventions of Victorian and Edwardian culture.
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